Frédéric François Chopin (UK: /ˈʃɒpæ̃/, US: /ʃoʊˈpæn/,^[1][2]French: [ʃɔpɛ̃], Polish: [ˈʂɔpɛn]; 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic
era who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide
renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was
based on a professional technique that was without equal in his
generation."^[3]

Chopin was born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy,
he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in
Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before
the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising.
At 21, he settled in Paris. Thereafter—in the last 18 years of his
life—he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate
atmosphere of the salon.
He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano
lessons, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship
with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries (including Robert Schumann). In 1835, Chopin obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska from 1836 to 1837, he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Amantine Dupin (known by her pen name, George Sand). A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca
with Sand in 1838–39 would prove one of his most productive periods of
composition. In his final years, he was supported financially by his
admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. For most of his life, Chopin was in poor health. He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis.

All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some 19 songs set to Polish lyrics.
His piano writing was technically demanding and expanded the limits of
the instrument: his own performances were noted for their nuance and
sensitivity. Chopin invented the concept of the instrumental ballade. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only posthumously. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J.S. Bach, Mozart, and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons of which he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.

Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars,
his (indirect) association with political insurrection, his
high-profile love-life, and his early death have made him a leading
symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been
the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity.