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Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (/ˈærəm ˌkɑːtʃəˈtʊəriən/;^[1]Russian: Ара́м Ильи́ч Хачатуря́н; Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan;^[A]Armenian pronunciation: [ɑˈɾɑm χɑt͡ʃʰɑt(ə)ɾˈjɑn]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor. He is considered one of the leading Soviet composers.^[5][6]

Born and raised in Tbilisi, the multicultural capital of Georgia, Khachaturian moved to Moscow in 1921 following the Sovietization of the Caucasus. Without prior music training, he enrolled in the Gnessin Musical Institute, subsequently studying at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of Nikolai Myaskovsky, among others. His first major work, the Piano Concerto (1936), popularized his name within and outside the Soviet Union. It was followed by the Violin Concerto (1940) and the Cello Concerto (1946). His other significant compositions include the Masquerade Suite (1941), the Anthem of the Armenian SSR (1944), three symphonies (1935, 1943, 1947), and around 25 film scores. Khachaturian is best known for his ballet music—Gayane (1942) and Spartacus (1954). His most popular piece, the "Sabre Dance" from Gayane, has been used extensively in popular culture and has been covered by a number of musicians worldwide.^[7] His style is "characterized by colorful harmonies, captivating rhythms, virtuosity, improvisations, and sensuous melodies."^[8]

During most of his career, Khachaturian was approved by the Soviet government and held several high posts in the Union of Soviet Composers from the late 1930s, although he joined the Communist Party only in 1943. Along with Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich,
he was officially denounced as a "formalist" and his music dubbed
"anti-people" in 1948, but was restored later that year. After 1950 he
taught at the Gnessin Institute and the Moscow Conservatory, and turned
to conducting. He traveled to Europe, Latin America and the United
States with concerts of his own works. In 1957 Khachaturian became the
Secretary of Union of Soviet Composers, a position he held until his
death.

Khachaturian was the most renowned Armenian composer of the 20th century^[9] and the author of the first Armenian ballet music, symphony, concerto, and film score.^[B] While following the established musical traditions of Russia, he broadly used Armenian and to lesser extent, Caucasian,
Eastern & Central European, and Middle Eastern peoples' folk music
in his works. He is highly regarded in Armenia, where he is considered a
"national treasure".^[12]

Gayanéh es un ballet en cuatro actos con música de Aram Jachaturián. Fue compuesto en 1942 sobre un libreto de Konstantín Derzhavin, y coreografiado por Nina Anísimova. La partitura fue revisada en 1952, y en 1957, con un nuevo libreto.

Fue estrenado por el Ballet Kirov en Perm
(Rusia) el 9 de diciembre de 1942. Los bailarines principales fueron:
Natalia Dudínskaya (Gayanéh), Nikolái Zubkovsky (Koren), Konstantín
Serguéyev (Armén), Tatanya Vecheslova (Nuné) y Borís Shavrov (Giko). El
diseño de escena original corrió a cargo de Natán Altman (escena) y Tatyana Bruni (vestuario).

En 1943, Jachaturián recopiló tres suites orquestales. En la tercera incluyó una de las piezas más conocidas del compositor y de la música orquestal, la Danza del sable.